PPARG and type 2 diabetes mellitus: More importantly, both 11β-HSD1 inhibition and PPAR-γ agonism have also been associated with reduced expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) [35,36], the two rate-limiting enzymes of the gluconeogenesis pathway that is aberrantly induced in T2DM patients [34].