TNF and malaria: Studies have associated specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in either the TNF or LTA locus, along with HLA-B and/or HLA-DRB1 loci, with severe dengue virus infection, malaria, and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases [5], [6], [10]; however, extended LTA, TNF, LST1, and class I and class II HLA haplotype associations with rubella vaccine-induced immune responses have not been examined.