CD8A and prostate carcinoma: Tumor-promoting activities of TMV are well documented: TMV derived from ovarian carcinomas (OvCa) sustain angiogenesis [17]; glioblastoma TMV stimulate glioma cell proliferation [6]; TMV released from tumor-activated fibroblasts promote invasion of highly metastatic prostate carcinoma cells [18]; TMV isolated from sera of patients with head and neck cancer induce apoptosis in activated CD8+ T cells [19], [20]; and TMV produced by prostate cancer impair NK-cell activity through down-modulation of NKG2D expression [21].