MTOR and cancer: In the French cohort, which consisted of mostly stage 1 cancers, the IL-suppressive pathway was found to be significantly related to poorer outcome (hazard ratio 3.78, p<0.001), the mTOR pathway was found to be significantly related to poorer outcome (hazard ratio 2.41, p = 0.004), and the antigen pathway was found to be significantly related to better survival (hazard ratio 0.19, p = 0.002) after adjusting for the other pathways in the final model.