INS and hypertriglyceridemia: This study, using a model of obese T2DM (the ZDF rat), demonstrated that chronic inhibition of DPP-IV by sitagliptin can correct the glycaemic dysmetabolism, hypertriglyceridaemia, inflammation and hypertension, reduce severity of histopathological lesions of endocrine and exocrine pancreas, jointly, with a favourable influence on the pancreas and heart lipid peroxidation, which have been identified as the key pathophysiological mechanism underlying insulin resistance, beta-cell degradation and associated micro-and-macrovascular complications.