At present, clinical investigations considered leptin as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular [232–234] and cerebrovascular diseases [235, 236], evidencing that its plasma concentrations are independently associated with the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery [237], and with the degree of coronary artery calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, after controlling for adiposity and CRP [238, 239]; furthermore, hyperleptinemia could be involved in the increased risk of postangioplasty restenosis [179, 240]. The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is diabetes mellitus.