A recent study showed a pattern of VCA IgG positive and VCA IgM, EBNA-1 IgG, and anti-EA(D) IgG negative (and heterophile antibody negative) as associated with past infection, while a pattern of VCA IgG and anti-EA(D) IgG positive but VCA IgM and EBNA-1 IgG negative has a still unclear meaning [20]. Here, CD40LG is linked to infection.