YBX1 and cancer: When cells are under the cytotoxic stimuli of anti-cancer drugs, the stress-responsive protein YB-1 is known to be translocated to the nuclei [16], YB-1 functions as a transcription factor for the expression of the well known membrane efflux pump, the multiple drug resistance gene I (MDR1/ABCB1) that allows anti-cancer drug resistance [17].