In this study, genetic polymorphisms of the TNFRSF1B gene, M196R/T587G, A1466G and C1493T, were evaluated in Japanese ESCC patients treated with a definitive 5-FU/CDDP-based chemoradiotherapy, and their predictive values of prognosis or severe acute toxicities were assessed. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1B and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.