Further studies are warranted to examine the impact of TWIST1 and other factors related to mesenchymal change in normal GBM cells of origin (neural stem and progenitor cells) or in cells at early stages of gliomagenesis to better define how alterations in E-cadherin or other cell-cell adhesion molecules impact the acquisition of an invasive malignant phenotype. This evidence concerns the gene TWIST1 and glioblastoma.