A recent study that showed higher IFIH1 mRNA levels in PBMCs of individuals with the susceptible genotype of the T1D associated SNP by real-time RT-PCR suggested that a differential regulation of IFIH1 expression could be, at least in part, responsible for the T1D risk [14], while another study was not able to show any difference in IFIH1 allelic expression using the same technology [16]. Here, IFIH1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.