The non-coding expression profiles of CD34+ and stromal cells of MDS-RARS were clearly distinct from those obtained from CD34+ and stromal cells of healthy controls, representing 30% and 25% of the total amount of differentially expressed genes in CD34+ and stromal cells of MDS-RARS patients, respectively. Here, RARS1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts.