We further investigated whether DCPIP and/or DCPIP NPs can regulate the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, which play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of various diverse diseases including oncogenesis, atherosclerosis, sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis [11,14-17], and acquisition of chemotherapeutic resistance in androgen-independent proliferation of prostate cancer cells [14], and may or may not produced following induction by the presence of VEGF [11-14]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is atherosclerosis.