There were also 64 genes associated with cancer (p = 4.9 × 10-6), 21 positively correlated with smoking (ACOX2, AQP3, CANX, CLEC10A, CYP1B1, EBI2, EPB41L3, GPR177, IGL@, IL13RA1, LDHA, MGST1, MMP25, MTHFD2, NRG1, PAICS, S100A8, SERPINF1, TFDP1, UGCG and VCAN) and 43 negatively correlated genes (ABCB1, ADA, ADRB2, AKR1C3, ARIH2, AXIN1, C3, CACNA2D2, CD247, CDKN1C, CST7, CTSC, CTSL1, EBF4, FASLG, FCGR3A, GZMA, HMOX1, IL2RB, KLRK1, MT2A, NCAM1, ND3, NEURL, PALLD, PGLYRP2, PIK3CG, PODN, PPP2R2B, PRF1, PRSS23, PTGDS, PTPN6, RASSF1, RHOC, RRAS, SLC1A7, SSBP3, TGFBR3, TRA@, TRG@, TTC38 and UBE2C). Here, PAICS is linked to cancer.