This approach has already been implemented in atopic dermatitis, using probiotics, and insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes in subjects at risk of developing the disease (children with family history of disease and, when available as in insulin-dependent diabetes expressing at risk genetic alleles and/or autoantibody markers) using candidate autoantigens in particular insulin delivered orally, parenterally or intranasally [59], [60]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.