The 2 major types of NBIA are recessively inherited disorders, NBIA type 1 is due to mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 gene (PANK2) and often called pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) (Hayflick et al., 2003; Zhou et al., 2001) and NBIA type 2 or infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) (previously Seitelberger's disease) is due to mutations in the phospholipase A2, group VI (PLA2G6) gene (Khateeb et al., 2006; Morgan et al., 2006; Seitelberger, 1971). The gene discussed is PANK2; the disease is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.