SNCA and Parkinson disease: This patient was investigated in detail for other acquired caused of dystonia and parkinsonism; these were normal and included metabolic screening, muscle, rectal biopsy, and bone marrow biopsies, genetic testing for SCA1–3, 6, 7, 12, 17, Huntington disease, dystonia 1 gene (DYT1)-related primary dystonia, alpha-synuclein and dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA).