CDH1 and carcinoma: However, one limitation of these pathological studies is that it is impossible to determine whether these E-cadherin-positive metastases result from the rare escape and expansion of epitheloid carcinoma cells, such as in the cell cooperativity model, or whether they arise from a mesenchymal-like cell that has undergone a phenotypic reversion back to a more differentiated phenotype, as we hypothesize [16,17].