HMGB1 and Abnormal renal physiology: A multicenter prospective randomized controlled pilot trial of DHP-PMX has suggested that DHP-PMX treatment may improve cardiac and renal dysfunction caused by sepsis or septic shock.[11] In a systematic review study, DHP-PMX appeared to reduce endotoxin levels effectively and to have possible effects on improvement of blood pressure and gas exchange, and on reduction of vasoactive agents usage and mortality.[3] Several factors are removed by DHP-PMX treatment, particularly endocannabinoids (AEA and 2-AG), HMGB-1 and IL-6.