INS and acute kidney injury: In a subsequent study from this group of medical patients in the ICU, mortality did not improve, but there was an important reduction in the risk for AKI defined by I or F criteria of RIFLE (8.9 versus 5.9%; P = 0.04).[43] A possible explanation for this finding may relate to the fact that insulin may play an important anti-inflammatory and anti- apoptotic role in sepsis.