Two lines of evidence support these possibilities: first, the pro-tumourigenic role of ROR2 in renal cancer and osteosarcoma is thought to be mediated by activation of the non-canonical Wnt signalling kinase JNK [13,14], and second, in colon cancer cells with constitutive Wnt signalling activity, restoration of ROR2 activity increased the inhibition of β-catenin reporter genes (our data and [15]). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and renal carcinoma.