Our previous study on NPC cells provided the proof of principle 1) that synthetic TLR3 ligands could be active on malignant cells at much lower concentrations than previously reported (below 1 μg/ml); 2) that the IAP family of proteins was very important to modulate cell response to TLR3 stimulation and 3) that combinations of TLR3 ligands with IAP inhibitors were susceptible to provide a therapeutic benefit [10]. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.