CAV1 and neoplasm: Nevertheless, there is evidence in tumor cells that Cav1 and Cav2 are up-regulated by PPARγ in human carcinoma cells [48]; annexin II is up-regulated by PPARγ agonists in 3T3-L1 cells [49] and Cav1 is suppressed by Ras-p42 MAP kinase and PKA [50].