It has been shown that MM cells are capable of secreting VEGF in response to Interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulation; in response to that VEGF stimulation microvascular endothelial cells and bone marrow stromal cells secrete in turn IL-6, a potent growth factor for malignant plasma cells, thus closing a paracrine loop [43]. Here, VEGFA is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.