MYC and cancer: Although clinically discernible early cancers are generally considered the precursors of advanced cancers [5,6], the intramucosal and invasive parts of advanced TUBs often showed discordant copy numbers of MYC and TP53 in this study: MYC- and TP53+ in 5 of the 6 samples of the mucosal parts, as commonly as in the intramucosal cancers examined, and MYC+ and/or TP53- in 5 of the 6 samples of the invasive parts.