Antisense oligonucleotides or siRNAs to midkine exhibit therapeutic effects in animal experiments concerning tumor growth [5,14-16], ischemic renal failure [17], neointima formation [18,19], adhesion after surgery [20], and antibody-induced arthritis [20] Polyclonal antibodies to midkine inhibit growth of Wilms' tumor cells in vitro [21]. Here, MDK is linked to Nephroblastoma.