Only “conception” or prepregnancy prospective cohorts would permit prospective examination of this issue; (2) we had insufficient data and hence power to detect important associations between PGM and pregnancy loss as well as FVL or PGM and placental abruption; (3) there are insufficient prospective cohort studies examining the less common and more potent thrombophilias such as antithrombin, protein C, and protein S deficiencies to elucidate associations between these thrombophilias and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. This evidence concerns the gene PROS1 and thrombophilia.