hPar-4 is up-regulated in prostate cancer cells undergoing apoptosis6 and appears to be a regulator of the ζPKC–NF-κB pathway, with Par-4 null mice showing enhanced T-cell proliferation and tumor formation, primarily through increased NF-κB signalling and resistance to apoptosis.7,8 The Drosophila SPSB protein homologue, GUSTAVUS, interacts with the DEAD-box RNA helicase VASA.9 This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.