Although the anti-inflammatory cytokines - IL-10 and TGF-β - have largely been associated with immune-regulation in LF (with IL-10 playing the major role), the down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in type-2 diabetic subjects with LF seems to be due to TGF-β and not IL-10. Here, TGFB1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.