MAP2K1 and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus-pancreatic and cerebellar agenesis syndrome: The efficacy of molecular targeting therapies for PaCa, such as an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase, small-molecule inhibitor of Raf kinase and that of the dual specificity kinase MEK1/2, have recently being evaluated in some clinical trials, however, the results have not been impressive (Rinehart et al, 2004; Siu et al, 2006; Moore et al, 2007).