TLR4 and neoplasm: The correlation between MHC Class I and II deficiencies in human tumours and metastatic potential/reduced survival rates in patients is well documented (Meissner et al, 2005; Chamuleau et al, 2006; Ramnath et al, 2006; Seliger, 2008), whereas the interaction of HMGB1 with Toll-like receptor 4 on dendritic cells has been shown to be essential for tumour antigen processing and presentation (Apetoh et al, 2007).