The proteins that were elevated in serum from patients with traumatic brain injury included many of the same serum proteins we found elevated in ovarian cancer (e.g. haptoglobin, orosomucoids-1 and -2, alpha-1 antitrypsin, serum amyloid P-component, and alpha-1 antichymotrypsin), which suggests that these proteins are not specific to ovarian cancer [44]. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA3 and ovarian carcinoma.