In addition, there is substantial evidence that the relationship between IFN-γ and IL-5 is influenced by the presence of malarial infection at the time of blood collection: the association between the responses in IFN-γ and IL-5 is steeper in children with malarial infection than in their peers without infection (Table 3); this seems supported by weak evidence of similar interaction in the same direction between IFN-γ and IL-13 (Table 3). The gene discussed is IL13; the disease is infection.