The network analysis of early HCC signature genes indicated the activation of ERK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and TGF-β signaling pathway, and a potential critical regulatory role of MYC, ERbB-2, HNF4A, and SMAD3 for early HCC (Figures 2, 3 and 4). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.