Established treatment options for anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents (ESA), including erythropoietins (EPO alfa, beta), darbepoetin (DARBO α), pegylated epoietin (continuous erythropoietin receptor activator, CERA) and biosimilar epoetins. The gene discussed is EPOR; the disease is chronic kidney disease.