In addition, significant quantities of IFNβ, TNFα, interleukin (IL)6, IL8, CXCL10 (IP10), CCL3 (MIP1α), CCL4 (MIP1β), CCL5 (RANTES) and TNFβ were detected at various times post infection (Figure 4B-I and data not shown). Here, TNF is linked to infection.