The anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour efficacy of metronomic gemcitabine in our primary xenograft studies could be further attributed to its ability to induce marked decreases, more so than MTD gemcitabine, in a multitude of pro-angiogenic growth factors and cytokines including EGF, IL-1α, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and others (Supplementary Table S1). Here, ICAM1 is linked to neoplasm.