Besides HNF1B, other gene loci have started appearing where variants are identified that modulate susceptibility to both T2D and some malignancy, e.g. prostate cancer for the JAZF1 locus gene [11], [42] and melanoma for the CDKN2A locus [43], although different, unlinked variants are implicated in the susceptibility to the malignancy and T2D, respectively. The gene discussed is HNF1B; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.