As can be seen, SLE samples showed several alterations in the distribution of these B cell-subsets, including increased proportions of DN memory B cells (CD27- IgD-) and PC (CD27++ IgD-) and decreased CD27 IgD IgM B cells (CD27+ IgD+); this latter finding was the most consistent. Here, CD40LG is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.