APC and cancer: The remaining thirteen genes we studied have been implicated in other cancer types; these genes include absent in melanoma-1 (AIM1), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), β-catenin, deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), fragile histidine triad (FHIT), glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), hypermethylated in cancer-1 (HIC1), methylated in tumor-1 (Mint1), mismatch repair protein (MLH1), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), and target of methylation induced silencing-1 (TMS1)[21], [22], [23], [24].