Interestingly, we recently showed that upregulation of the HO system with hemin suppressed JNK and improved insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in STZ-induced diabetes, insulin resistant T2D models like ZDF and GK; as well as in hypertensive models like SHR and uinnephrectomised DOCA-salt rats [41–44, 47, 48]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.