The number of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in untreated hydrocephalus (mean 5.43 cells/μm3 +/- 2.04 SD) compared to both types of controls: minocycline treated mean 1.35 cells/μm3 +/- 0.28 SD and non-minocycline mean 1.05 cells/μm3 +/- 0.22 SD. This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and Hydrocephalus.