Specifically, we observed 1) increased expression of phosphorylated (Tyr1173), nuclear EGFR; the upstream tyrosine kinase that transduces signals through both the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, thereby contributing to constitutive activation of these signaling pathways in conjunctival squamous cell carcinomas and 2) correlative downstream overexpression of nuclear -phospho-P44/42 MAPK and phospho-Akt (Ser473). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma.