HMBOX1 and neoplasm: In vitro models further supported by clinical outcome data showed that HMBOX1 release by tumor cells exposed to chemotherapy is essential in mediating effective tumor eradication by different chemotherapy agents and solid tumor models; HMBOX1 release functions to report initial cell damage by chemotherapy to the immune system and likely cooperates with additional messengers released by dying cells as its artificial introduction does not lead to the same effect [16], [18].