In a related study, we have examined the frequency of SD cells of two loci (AML1 and CEN17) in blood cell samples of three subgroups of urological male patients: (i) patients with prostate cancer (four cases); (ii) cancer-free patients suffering from prostate chronic inflammation (three cases); and (iii) matching cancer-free patients with benign prostate hyperplasia, who were not found to suffer from infectious disease (seven cases). Here, RUNX1 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.