Since then, increased serum levels of TGF-β1 have been implicated as a prognostic marker of advanced disease and poor prognosis in multiple cancer types such as gastric carcinoma, colorectal cancer, bladder carcinoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and melanoma [36–44]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Familial prostate cancer.