The incident TB group had a larger proportion of suboptimal immune reconstitution according to both definitions: a CD4 count increase of <200 cells/mm3 after 24 months on ART (56.8% vs 47.1%, P = 0.005) and not attaining an absolute CD4 count >200 cells/mm3 (30.1% vs 20.1%, P<0.001). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.