BPIFA1 and asthma: Although further mechanistic studies are needed to reveal the interplay among short-acting β2-agonists such as (R)-albuterol, ADRB2, Mp load and SPLUNC1, our current study suggests that the use of a long-acting β2-agonist may not only induce bronchodilation, but also increase airway epithelial innate immunity in patients with a lung disease such as asthma.