Alternatively, a series of recent analyses have revealed that pDCs also play a pathogenic role in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and psoriasis by their dysregulated production of type I IFNs through engagement of endosomal TLR9 by self-DNA with autoantibody [12-15]. The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.