In oral squamous cell carcinoma, a study involving 125 patients suggested a link between decreased expression of both activated Smad2 (p-Smad2) and TGFβ receptor II (TβR-II), with aggressive tumor features, which suggests TGFβ signaling exerts a protective role possibly through Smad 2 [25]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.