Here, we report two clinically relevant pathways--the c-erbB2/HER2 pathway and the mTOR signaling pathway--are dysregulated in chRCC on exploratory pathway analysis of mRNA expression, but our evaluation of extracellular HER2 and phospho-AKT immunohistochemical expression has not provided direct support for this mRNA finding. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.